Structural and electrical properties of brush plated ZnTe films

Zinc telluride thin films were deposited by the brush plating technique at a potential of −0.90 V (SCE) on conducting glass and titanium substrates at different temperatures in the range 30–90 °C. The films were polycrystalline in nature with peaks corresponding to the cubic phase. Direct band gap of 2.30 eV was observed. XPS studiers indicated the formation of ZnTe. Depth profiling studies indicated a uniform distribution of Zn and Te throughout the entire thickness. EDAX measurements were made on the films and it was found that there was a slight excess of Te. The carrier concentration was found to vary from 10¹⁴–10¹⁵ cm⁻³ with increase of substrate temperature. The mobility was found to vary from 5 to 60 cm² V⁻¹ s⁻¹.     

混凝土大坝导温系数反演及其随时间变化的规律

随着时间的推移,混凝土的导温系数将发生变化,为了了解参数随时间的变化规律,利用原型观测资料对导温系数进行分段反演,从而拟合出大坝混凝土导温系数随时间的变化规律.     

组织光学中的Monte Carlo方法

介绍了Monte Carlo方法产生的背景、基本思想及其在组织光学应用中的重要意义，评述了其在组织光学应用中的研究进展，对其发展趋势作了展望。     

跳频高密度异步网台信号的分选

根据跳频高密度异步网台信号的主要特征，通过建立分选模型，确定分选参数，将跳频信号的网络信息参数用于跳频高密度异步网台信号的分选，并与跳频信号的频率统计特性相结合，提出了一种基于多接收机分频段侦收的跳频高密度异步网台信号分选算法，并对其进行了仿真验证。     

Testing of electrochromic materials using symmetrical devices

“Symmetric materials” devices, where both electrodes are made of the same electrochromic materials, allow the in situ study of side reactions. Each transferred charge that is not used for the expected electrochromic reaction will cause a colour change in the whole symmetric device. Two electrochromic materials, WO₃ and IrO₂, are successively used to show how to obtain information about side reactions such as faradaic efficiency, reversibility and potential limits from the symmetric experiment. This in situ approach with a polymer electrolyte shows significant differences compared to results obtained with studies in aqueous electrolytes.     

Polyaniline-multiwalled carbon nanotube composites: Characterization by WAXS and TGA

Polyaniline/carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotube (PAni/c-MWNT) nanocomposites have been synthesized by micellar aided emulsion polymerization with various c-MWNTs compositions, viz., 0.5, 1, 5, and 10 wt %. The microcrystalline parameters such as the nanocrystal size (〈N〉), lattice strain (g), interplanar distance (d_hkl), width of the crystallite size distribution, surface weighted crystal size (D_s), and volume of the ordered regions were calculated from the X-ray data by using two mathematical models, namely the Exponential distribution and Reinhold distribution methods. The effects of heat ageing on the microcrystalline parameters of the PAni/c-MWNT nanocomposites were also studied and the results are correlated. The thermal stability and electrical resistivity of the PAni/c-MWNT nanocomposites were examined with thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and a conventional two-probe method. The TGA data indicate that the thermal stability of the nanocomposites improved after the incorporation of c-MWNTs. The influence of temperature on the resistivity of the nanocomposites was also measured. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2008     

Novel approach in investigation of the poly(acrylic acid) hydrogel swelling kinetics in water

The swelling kinetics curves of structurally defined poly(acrylic acid) hydrogel in bidistilled water at temperatures: 25, 30, 35, 40, and 45°C were determined. The possibility of kinetically explaining the isothermal swelling process by applying the following models: reaction controlled by diffusion, first order chemical reaction kinetics, and second order chemical reaction kinetics, was investigated. It was found that kinetically explaining the swelling process using these methods was limited to only certain parts of the process. The swelling process in bidistilled water was described in full range assuming that the hydrogel's swelling rate was a kinetically controlled reaction by the rate of the movement of reactive interface of hydrogel. Based on that model, the kinetic parameters, activation energy (E_a) and preexponential factor (A), of the swelling process were determined to be E_a = 35 kJ/mol and lnA = 8.6. A possible mechanism of the investigated swelling process was discussed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

Nondegradative microextrusion of resorbable polyesters for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications: The cases of poly‐lactic‐acid and poly‐caprolactone

In recent years biodegradable polymers, particularly polyesters such as the poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and polycaprolactone (PCL), have gained high interests for their applicability in the biomedical and pharmaceutical fields where they're used for manufacturing various different resorbable devices, from tissue engineering scaffolds to controlled drug release systems. Despite many positive characteristics, processability of these materials still remains a critical issue as they easily tend to degrade during manufacturing. In this article we aimed to assess microextrusion as a nondegradative process for manufacturing PLA and PCL. The results we experimentally obtained, that are hereby presented, set a new point in the on‐going debate on degradation during processing of resorbable polymers as they allow to affirm that microextrusion leaves unmodified molecular weight distributions without producing any evident reductions in mean molecular weight. Microextrusion thus represents a risk‐free high molecular weight polymer processing solution for obtaining nondegraded products within pharmaceutical and biomedical production lines, such as for scaffolds for tissue engineering applications or drug delivery. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

Engineering extruded collagen fibers for biomedical applications

Extruded collagen fibers constitute a promising biomimetic scaffold for tissue engineering applications. In this study, we compared the structural, thermal, and mechanical properties of fibers produced from either NaCl or poly(ethylene glycol) with a number-average molecular weight of 8000 (PEG 8K), the only two coagents that have been used in the fabrication process. As novel, we report the fabrication of fibers with properties similar to native or synthetic fibers using other coagents. NaCl derived fibers were characterized by higher thermal stability (p < 0.026), stress (p < 0.001), and modulus (p < 0.0025) values than PEG 8K, whereas the latter yielded more extendable fibers (p < 0.012). Poly(ethylene glycol)s with number-average molecular weights of 200 and 1000 produced fibers with similar mechanical properties (p > 0.05) that were thinner (p < 0.033), stiffer (p < 0.022), and less extendable (p < 0.0002) than those of PEG 8K. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with a number-average average molecular weight of 9–10,000 and PEG 8K yielded fibers with similar diameters and stress-at-break values (p > 0.05); however, the poly(ethylene glycol) derived fibers were more extendable (p < 0.0003), whereas the PVA fibers were stiffer (p < 0.029). Gum-arabic- and soluble-starch-derived fibers were of similar tensile strength, extendibility, and stiffness (p > 0.05). In this in vitro study, the thickest (p < 0.011) and the weakest (p < 0.0066) fibers were produced in the presence of sodium sulfate. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008